본 연구에서는 국제통화시장의 원-달러, 원-유로, 원-위안과 원-엔 환율 변동이 한국과 미국 두 나라 주식시장의 변동 및 거시경제변수(금리, 유가 등)와 맺고 있는 상호 연관성을 비교 분석하였다. 연구방법으로는 네 가지 다섯 통화간의 환율과 주식시장 지표 및 주요거시경제지표에 대해 그랜저 인과관계 검정과 벡터오차수정모형(VECM)을 사용하여 실증분석하였다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 달리 하나의 통화만이 아닌 한국경제와 연관성이 높은 네 가지 통화 즉, 원-달러, 원-유로, 원-위안 및 원-엔 환율의 영향을 조사했다는 점에서 차별되고 기여하는 바가 있다. 또한 동일한 내용에 대하여 미국의 주식시장에도 적용하여 한국의 결과와 비교해 보았다. 연구결과 코스피지수의 경우 네 가지 주요 국제통화의 환율 변동과 깊은 관련성을 보였으며, 다우존스지수나 국제유가와 같은 범세계적 경제지표도 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 미국의 경우 다우존스지수가 달러-원, 달러-엔, 달러-유로 환율과 높은 연관성을 보였다. 본 연구의 실증결과로서 미국 금융시장에서 달러-원이 주식시장의 변동에 설명력을 가진다는 점은 새로운 학문적 시사점을 제공하는 자료이기도 하다. 이와 더불어 표본을 분류하여 2008년 금융위기를 고려한 분석을 실시한 결과, 금융위기 이전과 이후에 한국과 미국의 주식시장에 영향을 주는 환율이나 경제변수는 조금 달랐지만 금융위기 이후 2008년부터 한국과 미국 모두 주가지수에 대해 환율이나 경제변수 및 타 국가의 주가지수의 영향이 차츰 높아졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 연구와 달리 한 개의 주요한 통화가 아닌 여러 국제통화의 환율이 주식시장의 변동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Numerous studies have revealed the influence of a foreign exchange rate on firm value. In general, there is a particularly significant relationship between the foreign exchange rate and the firm value such as stock price. In this study, we examined whether foreign exchange rates among major international currencies influence the stock market index along with macroeconomic factor such as interest rate and unemployment rate. This study aims to determine the correlations between the foreign exchange rate on the stock index and macroeconomic variables. The empirical data of the study represent the monthly return data from June 2005 through July 2013, including the global financial crisis in 2008. We compared and analyzed the interrelationships of the fluctuations in the exchange rates of South Korean won to U.S. dollar, won to euro, won to Chinese yuan, and won to Japanese yen in the international currency markets with stock market fluctuations and macroeconomic variables such as interest rate, oil price, and unemployment rate, etc. in South Korea and the United States. In addition, this study conducted a comprehensive empirical analysis of the exchange rates of South Korean won to the four major currencies, stock market indices and major macroeconomic indicators, using a Granger causality test and a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as research methods. This study has a differentiation and contribution in that it investigated the impacts of the four currencies, including dollar, euro, yuan and yen, which are highly related to the Korean economy, unlike the existing studies that analyzed only one currency. In addition, we applied the same to the U.S. stock market and compared the result with that in South Korea. As a result, KOSPI had high relationships with the exchange rates of the four major international currencies, and the global economic indicators such as Dow Jones Index or the international oil price had significant impacts, too. In the U.S., the Dow Jones Index had high relationships with dollar-won, dollar-yen and dollar-euro exchange rates. As a result of the empirical analysis of this study, the fact that the dollar-won exchange rate has an explanatory power in the fluctuation of the stock market is a material that provides a new academic implication, too. Along with this, as a result of a classification of examples and an analysis considering the financial crisis in 2008, it was found that the influences of the exchange rates or economic indicators and the stock indices of other countries on the economy of South Korea and the U.S. gradually increased. The influence of fluctuation in the exchange rate on the stock index has increased since the financial crisis. There was a difference between the results of analysis before and after 2008. Economic variables that had not shown a high correlation before 2008 began to show a high correlation after 2008, and the correlation between the indices that had shown a correlation increased around 2008. Unlike the expectation that all exchange rates would have the same influence on the stock price because of the interconnectedness of the exchange rate, four exchange rates did not have the same influence. The variables that were known to affect the stock price in the preceding studies did not have the same influences on South Korea and the U.S., either. The results of this study have significance in that they suggest that the exchange rates of several international currencies, instead of a single main currency, may affect stock market fluctuations, unlike the results of the existing studies. This study can be a further extension of the existing studies of the stock markets other than those in South Korea and the U.S. It contributes to examining how the foreign exchange rate affect the stock market and macroeconomic variables. To the extent that firm value improves after foreign exchange rate fluctuation due to the increase in the expected return on investment, the results are consistent with the view that the global market-related financial characteristics like foreign exchange rate management can derive a link between corporate system and firm value.