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Background/Aims: Recent studies have revealed that contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CEH-EUS) isbeneficial in the differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas and gallbladder from benign masses, in terms ofthe evaluation of microvasculature and real-time perfusion. In this study, we aimed to prove the clinical value of CEH-EUS in thedifferential diagnosis of pancreatic and gallbladder masses by direct comparison with that of conventional EUS. Methods: We reviewed the sonographic images and medical information of 471 patients who underwent conventional EUS andCEH-EUS for the diagnosis of pancreatic and gallbladder masses at a single medical center (Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea)between March 2010 and March 2016. Results: The enhancement pattern of CEH-EUS of the pancreatic solid masses showed higher sensitivity and specificity indifferentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors (82.0% and 87.9% for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 81.1%and 90.9% for neuroendocrine tumors, respectively), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was higherthan that of conventional EUS. The enhancement texture of CEH-EUS of the gallbladder masses showed a higher sensitivity indifferentiating malignant masses than that of conventional EUS; however, the difference between the areas under the receiver operatingcharacteristic curves was not statistically significant. Conclusions: CEH-EUS can complement conventional EUS in the diagnosis of pancreatic and gallbladder masses, in terms of thelimitations of the latter.

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